Overhead transmission line lightning and grounding reference book

Overhead transmission lines are traditionally given a static thermal and ampacity. Home download center electrical engineering books and technical guides relay control and protection guides analysis of causes and effects of faults in overhead transmission lines. Renewable electricity generation capacity has been increasing all over the world, and lightning can cause failures either by hitting the turbines or panels directly or. It consists of one or more conductors commonly multiples of three suspended by towers or poles. For example, transmission line grounding influences both the lightning performance and publicworker safety of transmission lines. This resource is sufficient for the daytoday needs of experienced and novice transmission line design and maintenance engineers, inspection personnel, and other design and maintenance stakeholders. Personal protective grounding of overhead transmission lines standard number.

Scope this work practice covers the use of personal protective grounds on the seattle city light scl 115 and 230 kv overhead transmission systems. Acws insulator info book reference info overvoltage and. It is a good blend of fundamental theory with practical design guidelines for overhead transmission lines, providing the basic groundwork for students as well as practicing power engineers, with material generally not found in one convenient book. Complete coverage of power line design and implementation this text provides the essential fundamentals of transmission line design. By 1914, fiftyfive transmission systems each operating at more than 70 kv were in service. We typically use steel wire over our transmission lines for lightning protection. For background overhead transmission lines 22 transmission. Grounding of overhead transmission lines for improved lightning. Pdf grounding of overhead transmission lines for improved. Lightning discharges constitute the main cause of most nonprogrammed outages of electric systems.

Therefore, the effect of wideband modeling of grounding system on the reliability indices of tls has been introduced. Effectiveness of improvements can vary widely because the local soil resistivity varies with a wide statistical distribution. Associate at kinectrics former ontario hydro research division in transmission and distribution group. Analysis of causes and effects of faults in overhead. Todd myers, technical advisor, epri transmission research, epri. Technoeconomic feasibility of lighting protection of overhead. Improved grounding can be a costeffective method to improve power quality by reducing the number of lightning flashovers on shielded overhead transmission lines. For the transmission of equivalent power at 11 kv, a cable. In the overhead transmission line, the ground wire is above.

It is certainly possible to reduce the number of line outages to an acceptable level through a. Insulator reference book 3002005685 overhead line design guide 3002005663. Insulation reconstruction for opgw dc deicing and its. An overhead power line is a structure used in electric power transmission and distribution to transmit electrical energy across large distances. Overhead transmission transmission companies are focused on improving safety and reliability, while looking for ways to reduce operations. Research results from project uhv, sponsored by the electric research council in the us and from projects all over the world were used.

Voltages used for electric power transmission increased throughout the 20th century. Overhead transmission context transmission companies are focused on improving safety and reliability, while looking for ways to reduce operations. Epri ac transmission line reference book200 kv and. Transmission line design handbook this book has a huge collection of designanalysis formulas for various transmission line structures. This book is packed with quick formula and would might be quite useful as implied by the design handbook name. Iliceto, f contribution to the electrical design of hvdc overhead lines. I would like to know if epri red book 3rd edition is worth having a look at because i have seen that it has a huge price. Epri perspective the epri report, transmission line reference book, 345 kv. Grounding issues across the world have typically been dealt with by technical groups, each with their own specific terms of reference. Overhead distribution lines neutral conductor and grounding. Transmission line design manual bureau of reclamation. Also, as transmission lines transfer a large amount of energy, a reliability assessment is vital and can be used as a reference to design the proper lightning protection scheme.

Overhead conventional distribution transformer 82 overhead completely selfprotected csp. Grounding of a 230 kv transmission line over a limestone ridge. Overhead lines are, in essence, airinsulated cables suspended from insulated supports with a power transfer capacity approximately proportional to the square of the line voltage. Lightning discharge overhead line line outage lightning stroke overhead transmission line. Lightning problems and protection at nuclear power plants handbook for improving overhead transmission line lightning performance improved reliability of switched capacitor banks and capacitor technology laser induced lightning draft epri guide for transmission line grounding. Starting in the late 1920s, a great number of field investigations were conducted to ascertain the characteristics of lightning which affect overhead transmission line performance. It delivers a blend of shortterm tools such as software, reference books and field guides, together with longerterm research, such as component aging tests and the development of sensors for monitoring line components and performance. The effect of grounding system modeling on lightning. He chaired the ieee lightning and insulator subcommittee for many years and recently coauthored the chapter on lightning and grounding in the forthcoming epri transmission line reference book, 200 kv and above. Containing a wealth of information available in no other single resource, the epri ac transmission line reference book200 kv and above, third edition epri product 1011974 is the essential reference tool for transmission line designers. Adequate distance or gaps should be provided between the arms of the tower lines and the earth wire, to ensure prevention of back flashover. Grounding of overhead transmission lines for improved lightning protection. Anderson transmission line reference book, 345 kv and above, 2nd ed.

Personal protective grounding for electric power facilities. The study was performed on a typical 400kv transmission line which is modeled in emtprv. What is the purpose of ground wire in overhead transmission. Much of the information was developed at project uhv over the past twenty years. Backflashovers occur frequently in overhead lines ohl with ground wires. Testing connection leads for transmission line arresters. Electrical design of overhead power transmission lines discusses everything electrical engineering students and practicing engineers need to know to effectively design overhead power lines. In some places on a 35kv systems they would also use a steel wite for lightning protection, but that dosent work if you have single phase loads, like you said. Request pdf lightning protection of overhead transmission lines using external ground wires in this paper, a new kind of overhead transmission line ohl.

Lightning strokes to overhead transmission lines are a. The red book extensively updated and expanded including software, epris flagship reference provides a muchneeded tool to support the costeffective design of safe, reliable, and highperformance transmission lines. Applications to lightning surge protection studies wiley. As an adjunct to this, some practical aspects of designing high voltage transmission lines will be discussed. The applications include i surges on grounding electrodes, ii lightning surges on overhead power transmission lines tls and towers, iii lightning surges on overhead power distribution and telecommunication lines, iv lightning electromagnetic environment and surges in power substations, v lightning surges on underground power and. Ieee guide to grounding during the installation of. Guide for high voltage direct current overhead transmission. International statistics show that about 65 % of line outages originate from lightning strokes that hit the overhead transmission lines 4. Epri ac transmission line reference book200 kv and above. Back flashover is the arcing between earth wire and a single phase wire. Oct 03, 2017 ground wires are also referred to a variety of names such as shield wires and sky wires. The effect of grounding system modeling on lightningrelated. Spent 20072008 at the university of quebec at chicoutimi, cowriting a book for and teaching lightning protection.

A comprehensive transmission line inspection and assessment reference guide, the yellow book, is continuously updated to ensure that it provides members with the most uptodate, comprehensive understanding of transmission component behavior, inspection technologies, and line effects. With development of the chinas strategy, the belt and road, there will be a large number of transnational networking and cross zone networking needs of. Some options may also impact other design aspects of the line. Ground wires are also referred to a variety of names such as shield wires and sky wires. Due to its high price i discard buying it but as i am a lecturer in a university, i could ask for an interlibrary loan. Complete coverage of power line design and implementation. The need to improve the reliability and robustness of power systems and smart grids makes protection of sensitive equipment and power transmission and distribution lines against lightning related effects a primary concern.

The focus of this paper is the analysis of lightning in overhead transmission lines. The effect of grounding system modeling on lightningrelated studies. Unfortunately, even today the available information is neither definite nor complete. When a lightning strike terminates on an overhead ground wire ohgw, a high. This book is the culmination of a 7y effort, 1967 through 1973, titled project uhv, to produce a new transmission design book for power transmissions systems operating at 375 kv through 1500 kv. The main purpose of these conductors is to protect the tr. Electrical design of overhead power transmission lines. Transmission line grounds 208 grounding coils and grounding plates 210 counterpoise 214.

Utilities need to understand the condition of their overhead transmission lines to effectively manage and maintain. Inspection of transmission line grounding systems field guide. The steel is conductive but not as much as the aluminum conductors. Ieee guide to grounding during the installation of overhead. The program delivers a blend of shortterm tools such as software, reference.

Lightning performance analysis of overhead transmission. Some books do discuss the transmission and distribution system more carefully, such as the westinghouse transmission and distribution book, the epri ac transmission line reference book 200 kv and above, and the southwire overhead conductor manual. Effects of improved insulation, shielding, coupling and grounding on backflashover, and shielding failure rates are then discussed. Ground wires or earth wires are bare conductors supported at the top of transmission towers. Maintenance of transmission and distribution lines transmission line inspection on globalspec. Stojkoviclightning protection of overhead transmission lines using external ground wires. Laser induced lightning draft epri guide for transmission line grounding switching surge and lightning impact on increasing power. Principal author of epri transmission line reference red book, 200 kv and above, chapter 6 lightning protection and main technical contributor to the upcoming grey book. Addressing numerous aspects of a transmission lineshielding, grounding, insulation, and transmission line surge arresterscan improve lightning performance. It delivers a blend of shortterm tools such as software, reference books and field guides, together with longerterm research, such as component aging tests and the.

Lightning activity is the leading cause of momentary outages on transmission lines. The total set of steps taken to provide a lowimpedance connection bw transmission line structures and the general mass of earth and to limit the buildup of potential gradients around it. Overhead transmission line lightning and grounding reference book 2011. Electric power research institute epri downloads 1 introduction i received the following information from doug dorr. Causes and effects of faults in overhead transmission lines. This reference book provides a selfcontained, stateoftheart resource on lightning and grounding and their effects on transmission line performance. Pdf epri ac transmission line reference book200 kv and. Grounding of overhead transmission lines for improved lightning protection abstract. Principal author of epri transmission line reference red. Sep 03, 2012 complete coverage of power line design and implementation this text provides the essential fundamentals of transmission line design. Improve coupling between conductors underbuilt ground wire. Lightning protection of overhead transmission lines using external. Ieee guide to grounding during the installation of overhead transmission line conductorsbook and 2 disks on.

A shortduration difference in potential between conductive objects that a person may contact when personal protective grounds or a grounding system conduct fault current. For the transmission of equivalent power at 11 kv, a cable feeder would cost some five times the cost of a transmission line, at 2 kv up to 8 times, and at 400 kv between 10 and 20 times 18,19. Lightning protection of overhead transmission lines using. The lightning study of overhead transmission lines marjola puka1, nako hobdari2 1lecturer, electrotechnicdepartment,tirana, albania 2profesor, eletric power systemdepartment,electrical engineering faculty, polytechnic university of tirana, abstract. Feb 26, 2003 overhead power lines presents not only the scientific and engineering basis for the electric and mechanical design, but also comprehensively describes all aspects of most recent technology, including the selection and design of components such as conductors, insulators, fittings, supports and foundations. Transmission operations and maintenance conference instructed by. A 15 kv transmission line, approximately 175 km long, connected lauffen on the neckar and frankfurt. How does transmission line grounding help protection locate and isolate faults in the electrical system. These include discussions of transmission line ampacity and sag calculations, a general approach to the selection of insulators and the physics behind switching surges and their consequences. Introduction the most common transmission line faults involve a single. They serve to shield the line and intercept lightning stroke before it hits the current carrying conductors below i. Principal author of epri transmission line reference red book, 200 kv and above, chapter 6 lightning protection and main technical contributor to the upcoming grey book lightning and grounding. Improvements can be valued against benchmark values of cost per avoided customer momentary dip.

View now we wrote the book on grounding and earthing. In the overhead transmission line, the ground wire is. Handbook for improving overhead transmission line lightning performance. The role of earth wire or ground wire in overhead power lines. Epri overhead transmission line lightning and grounding. Electrical and mechanical design criteria for ehv and uhv. The neutral ground is intended to establish the ground reference of an electrical system. They are also seeking ways to increase transmission capacity without making large capital investments. Does anybody know if it is available in any university library. However, identifying the most effective and lowest cost aspects is difficult. Other sources are acknowledged by explicit references. By testing a real line of the albanian transmission network, the paper treats the effect that modelingand the parameters of line can have on the lightning performance, especially on the peak currents during flashover phenomena.

Grounding of overhead transmission lines for improved. Grounding considerations for transmission line protection. High voltage overhead transmission line electromagnetics. These are bare conductors located above the phase conductors, at the top of the transmission towers. In transmission line towers, earth wires are used to dissipate the current induced on the lines due to lightning.

Epri ac transmission line reference book 200 kv and above, third edition. Personal protective grounding of overhead distribution lines standard number. Typical overhead line thermalrating systems are based on measurements of tension, sag, temperature or weather and circuit load. The ieee simplified method for computing lightning performance of overhead transmission lines was first described by j. P35 overhead transmission structure overhead transmission program 35. Personal protective grounding combines working grounds and personal protective grounds in a way that reduces the potential voltage difference at the worksite voltage across the worker to a. Overhead lines are cheaper in initial capital cost and are generally more economic than cable feeders. A comprehensive transmission line inspection and assessment reference guide, the yellow book, is. Fiee, in electrical engineers reference book sixteenth edition, 2003. However, an additional term is needed for the overall. Ieee guide p524 to the installation of overhead transmission. Overhead transmission line conductors ieee guide to grounding during the installation of overhead transmission line conductors.

A lightning strike on the earth wire will be dissipated into the ground after. Volume 1 covers fundamentals and modelling of lightning interaction with power systems, including lightning and climate change. Simulation of the created transmission line model is carried out with and without mcia to evaluate the. Ac overhead transmission lines consist of conductors, earth wires, insulators and towers.